Cattell.It is also found that there is remarkable difference of characters among the effective leaders under different organizational cultures and among the noneffective leaders.

• 并且发现，不同组织文化中的有效领导者之间在以上素质项目上都存在着显著的差异，以及不同组织文化中造成领导者差绩效的素质因素也各不相同。