By contrast, the conditions in Northwest Europe in January 1945 were as brutal as any in history, including the French and the German retreats from Moscow in midwinter, 1812 and 1941.

• 对比之下，即使算上1812年法国人，1941年德国人莫斯科冬季之大撤退，1945年元月西欧北部战场似为历史上任何一次战役中最为苦寒之冬。