But the divergence was certainly under way by the 5th century, and by the 8th century we can detect unmistakable differences in the basic vocabulary and grammar of the various Romance dialects.

• 不过，可以肯定地说，到5世纪差异就出现了，而到了8世纪，我们就能准确地辨别各种罗曼语方言的语法和词汇之间的差别了。