Both volcanoes and impacts eject enormous quantities of toxic pollutants such as ash, sulfur and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, triggering severe climate change and environmental degradation.

• 火山爆发与陨石撞击都会喷出大量有毒的污染物到大气中，例如灰烬、硫化物与二氧化碳，导致气候变迁、环境恶化。