At the same time many people make their national spirits into creating art works.So it was not only a disastrous time but also gestating splendid culture and great artist time.

• 在清初，涌现了为数众多的“遗民”，他们不畏强暴，保民族气节而殉难或不愿入新朝为官把亡国之恨投注于文学艺术创造中。