At that time, Kaifeng was also a city of international commerce with an incessant flow of merchants coming from Japan, Korea, India, Vietnam, Arabia and the South Seas islands.

• 当时的开封还是一个国际性贸易都市，日本、朝鲜、印度、越南、阿拉伯、南洋群岛等国家和地区的商人，经常来此经商。