At all these levels, from the more abstract to the more concrete, Habermas critically appropriated important resources found in American pragmatists from Peirce through Dewey to Putnam and Rorty.

• 在这些从抽象到具体的层次上，哈贝马斯都对从皮尔士经过杜威一直到普特南和罗蒂的美国实用主义哲学家所提供的思想材料作了批判性借鉴。