As soils acidify in forest ecosystems, available aluminum (Al) increases and may become phytotoxic which eventually restraints plant growth and leads to the decline of forest productivity.

• 活性铝是限制酸化土壤中植物生长的一个重要因素，它常导致森林生产率普遍下降，成为酸性土壤上最主要的问题。外生菌根真菌是土壤中非常重要的一类真菌，能与70-75%25的造林树种形成外生菌根。