As an Asian nation competing with the Western powers, Japan inspired admiration, but also consternation for its colonization of Asia, said Sugata Bose, a historian of South Asia at Harvard.

• 哈佛大学南亚史专家苏嘉塔·柏瑟说，日本身为亚洲国家，与西方列强竞争，令人钦佩，但它在亚洲的殖民行动，也令人惊惧。