Although there are myriad proposals for building these biosensors, the double whammy of identifying a particular bioagent in less than two minutes, and doing so given a sample of only a few cells, has been difficult to achieve.

• 尽管人们对制造这类生物探测仪提出了成百上千的建议，但是要在不到两分钟的时间里确认具体的病原体，并已研究仅仅由几个细胞组成的这样一份样本，这种双重难度难以突破。