Although a majority of electricity transaction is conducted through bi-lateral contracts,its research is far not enough until the failure of Californian electricity market.

• 双边合同交易在实际电力交易中占据大部分份额,但一直以来对双边合同的研究远少于对pool竞价的研究,直到美国加州电力市场的失败,双边合同交易才受到普遍关注。