Almost three years ago, Cisco and Microsoft announced the Directory Enabled Network (DEN) initiative, which sought to develop a standard for storing information about network devices, applications and users in a single directory.

• 差不多三年前，思科公司和微软公司宣布了目录允许网络（DEN）倡议，该倡议要求开发一个在单一目录中储存有关网络设备、应用程序和用户等信息的标准。