Agonizingly painful, it robs her of sexual pleasure and frequently causes medical problems, including hemorrhaging, infection, urinary incontinence, infertility, and complications in childbirth.

• 手术过程中不使用麻醉剂，受割礼的女性不但疼痛还经常发生大出血。最常使用的止血剂不过是树胶或草灰。