According to Austin (1962), any utterance comprises three speech acts: a locutionary act, an illocutionary act and a perlocutionary act.

• 根据澳斯汀(1962)和塞尔(1969)的言语行为三分法，当人们说一句话时同时实施了三个言语行为：即以言指事(言事)行为，以言行事(施事)行为和以言成事(成事)行为。