Abstract Abstract: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is a very important respiratory pathogen for swine and causes great economic losses in pig industry worldwide.

• 摘要 摘要：胸膜肺炎放线杆菌（APP）是重要的猪呼吸道病原菌，给世界养猪业造成严重的经济损失。