A studyby the London Business School?,with ABN Amro, a Dutch bank, found that real exchange rates in 17countries moved by less than an average of 0.2% a year over theperiod 1900-2006.

• 伦敦商学院，荷兰银行同德意志银行的一项联合研究发现1900－2006年间17国的真实汇率年度变化平均数低于0.；2%25。